Students of the Taymyr College in traditional clothing of Nganasan, Nenets, Dolgan, Enets Peoples
Students of the Taymyr College in traditional clothing of Nganasan, Nenets, Dolgan, Enets Peoples
© Archives of the Taymyr College

From Spoken Word to Digital World

Safeguarding Arctic Indigenous Languages

Arcticle by:
Kimberly Aiken, Sustainable Development Working Group
Trond Trosterud, UiT - the Arctic University of Norway
Mikhail Pogodaev, Ministry Arctic for Development and Indigenous Peoples Affairs, Sakha Republic
Anatoly Zhozhikov, UNESCO Department at North-East Federal University

Language is more than a tool for communication; it’s the heart of culture, the vessel of history, and the foundation of identity. For Indigenous Peoples of the Arctic, language weaves together the knowledge of ancestors, the rhythms of the land and the spirit of resilience in the face of rapid change. Each word carries centuries of wisdom—stories of survival, traditions of stewardship and unique worldviews that cannot be translated with mere vocabulary. Yet, these languages, once passed seamlessly through generations, now face an unprecedented threat of extinction.

Digitalization as a Bridge Between Generations

The rapid development of the Internet has triggered the creation of social networks, resulting in a new virtual multicultural environment, in which there are no borders, distances or time constraints and in which it’s possible to communicate in almost any language of the world. This digital environment offers tremendous opportunities, including freedom of expression, education, preservation and development of languages, culture and spirituality. However, to be present in this new environment and to benefit from digitalization, languages and cultures need to have access to the appropriate tools and resources, including proofing tools, keyboards, letter representation – and not least knowledgeable writers.

The Arctic is home to over 40 unique Indigenous languages and Indigenous Peoples are the creators and custodians of these rich oral traditions reflecting the diverse cultures and communities of the region. For many centuries they have mastered the Arctic landscapes, adapted to extreme natural and climatic conditions, developed distinctive cultures and lived in harmony with nature. These languages are therefore embedded in traditional ecological knowledge, storytelling and intergenerational teachings.

However, globalization, anthropogenic and technogenic impacts on the environment and active industrial development are having a profound impact on the traditional way of life of Arctic Indigenous Peoples, risking complete assimilation and loss of cultures, ways of life and languages. As fluent speakers age, fewer young people are learning their ancestral tongues, threatening the loss of cultural heritage that has sustained Arctic communities for millennia.

It’s therefore necessary to pay attention to these processes and to intensify activities to preserve and develop languages and traditional culture. At the present stage, digital technologies such as the Internet, GIS and mobile communications can play an important role in the preservation and development of the languages and cultures of Arctic Indigenous Peoples.

Furthermore, the United Nations declared 2022–2032 as the International Decade of Indigenous Languages in an effort to revitalize and safeguard linguistic diversity worldwide. This decade-long initiative underscores the vital role language plays in upholding human rights, self-determination, Indigenous empowerment, and sustaining traditional lifestyles that are inextricably linked to cultural, spiritual and social practices and connections to the land and its ecosystems.

Asya Konstantinova, a leading specialist of NEFU UNESCO Chair, at the Taymyr House of Folk Art, interviewing Yarotskaya Nina and Konstantinova Evdokia, custodians of Evenki culture and language
© Pavel Sofronov / UNESCO Chair of NEFU

A Project Leading the Way

The Arctic Council’s Sustainable Development Working Group (SDWG) responded to this crisis by harnessing technology to document, preserve and make Indigenous languages accessible to all generations. Its Digitalization of the Linguistic and Cultural Heritage of Indigenous Peoples of the Arctic project is led by the Russian Federation, Norway and the Russian Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North (RAIPON), one of the Permanent Participants of the Arctic Council.

Through innovative collaborations with Indigenous Knowledge Holders, linguists and digital experts, the project developed tools such as language-learning apps, digital dictionaries and online storytelling platforms, such as the Arctic Multilingual Portal. This digital knowledge hub provides text, audio and video materials on circumpolar languages.These resources reflect the lived experiences and knowledge systems of Arctic Indigenous Peoples and ensure that Indigenous languages continue to thrive in a modern world, empowering Indigenous youth to reclaim their heritage in ways that resonate with their digital realities.

The project was developed by the UNESCO Chair on Social and Human Adaptation of the Arctic regions to Climate Change of the M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University in the Republic of Sakha, Yakutsk, in collaboration with institutions such as the International Institute of Reindeer Husbandry, UiT - the Arctic University of Norway and RAIPON.

Educational classes on the languages and culture of the Indigenous Peoples of the Arctic held as part of the Project "Children's Cultural and Creative Playground 'Children of the Arctic"
© Svetlana Chernyshova

The project aims to create an international, multicultural internet portal on the languages, culture and food heritage of Indigenous Peoples of the Arctic and over the past years, it has completed several taskings: developing a project action plan (December 2021 to January 2022), conducting expeditions for data collection and content creation (January 2022 – December 2023), and maintaining the project portal and disseminating the results (January 2024 to December 2024).

At the initial stage of the project, it was decided to choose the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) as a pilot region, where five Indigenous Peoples of the Arctic live (Even, Evenki, Yukagir, Chukchi and Dolgans), with further plans to implement the project throughout the Russian Federation.

A Language Preservation Expedition

To fulfil the project goal, expeditions were organized to the places of traditional residence of Indigenous Peoples of the North: 1) in the following districts of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia): Momsky, Allaihovsky, Oleneksky, Srednekolymsky, Oymyakonsky and Neryungrinsky (Iengra); 2) Chukotka Autonomous Okrug; 3) Krasnoyarsk Krai, Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District; 4) Khabarovsk Krai. Within the framework of these expeditions, recordings were made of more than 100 speakers of the Indigenous languages. The recorded informants are representatives and keepers of the culture and language of the Even, Evenki, Yukagir, Nenets, Nganasan, Dolgan, Chukchi, Enets and others.

A major milestone of the project was the creation of an online educational resource, the main result of which is a GIS map of the languages of Indigenous Peoples of the Arctic, visually representing linguistic diversity and fostering awareness of endangered languages. An initiative developed in collaboration with institutions such as The University of the Arctic, UiT - Arctic University of Norway and the University of Alaska, Fairbanks.

Currently, the project is encoding grammar into models for digital text processing of Kildin Sámi and Mansi. While, in the Russian Federation, the M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University (NEFU) in cooperation with the Federal Service for State Registration, Cadaster and Cartography (Rosreestr) is creating a GIS map of Arctic Indigenous languages – with the aim to integrate both GIS maps to fully grasp the project’s circumpolar scope.

Despite global challenges, efforts to support the digitalization of Arctic Indigenous languages has continued. While project implementation within the Arctic Council framework was temporarily paused, important progress was made within the Russian Federation, home to 40 Indigenous Peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East. These efforts highlight the ongoing commitment to preserving and revitalizing Indigenous languages through digital tools, ensuring that linguistic heritage remains accessible for future generations

Traditional territories of Kildin Saami (credit: Rantanen et al. (2022) “Best practices for spatial language data harmonization, sharing and map creation – A case study of Uralic”
© Rantanen et al. (2022)

The Human Journey to Revitalize Indigenous Language with the Arctic Council

The revitalization of Arctic Indigenous languages is not just a project—it’s a journey undertaken by individuals, families and entire communities. This journey is deeply personal, as it represents the reconnection to linguistic roots that have been threatened by historical disruptions. Indigenous youth, Elders, linguists and educators are all part of this movement, working together to reclaim, strengthen and safeguard their languages for generations to come.

At the core of this journey are the Elders and youth, with Elders preserving the ancestral knowledge and linguistic traditions that define Indigenous cultures, while the youth are now carrying these traditions forward in innovative ways. Through storytelling, song and oral traditions, Elders pass down the spirit of their languages to younger generations, who in turn, are embracing language-aware digital tools to learn and practice their native tongue through creative and digital expression merging tradition with technology.

Meeting with members of the regional public organization for preservation of Chukchi language in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug ‘Chychetkin Vaetgav’
© Pavel Sofronov / UNESCO Chair of NEFU

New Tools for Old Languages

The SDWG project is invaluable to Indigenous identity and the exchange between Elders and youth harnessing best practices for engagement with the use of traditional languages both in the field and Indigenous communities at large. The project is working on language technology development, including the creation of keyboards, grammatical models and proofing tools. These innovations enable digital communication and literacy, ensuring that these languages can be actively used in modern technology.

SDWG’s efforts, combined with the ambition of Arctic Indigenous Peoples, demonstrate that language revitalization is more than preservation—it’s an ongoing human journey of cultural survival, identity and renewal.

In the long term, it’s planned to carry out this work throughout the Russian Federation, where 40 Indigenous Peoples live, and the aim is to integrate the project with that of Norwegian colleagues, who have the required language infrastructure ready.

Alexeeva Evdokia and Zhozhikova Svetlana interviewing Notatynagirgin Yuri Yurievich, a representative of the Chukchi people and head of the ethno-ecological club ‘Einekei’
© Pavel Sofronov / UNESCO Chair of NEFU

A Legacy for Future Generations

As the world advances into an increasingly digital era, it’s crucial that Indigenous languages do not remain trapped in the pages of history but evolve alongside technology. The language digitalization project is not just about preservation; it’s about creating a sustainable linguistic future where Arctic Indigenous voices remain strong, audible and respected.

Language is more than words—it’s identity, belonging and the essence of what it means to be Indigenous in the Arctic. SDWG, in collaboration with Indigenous Permanent Participants, is ensuring that Arctic languages are not just remembered but lived.

Learn more:

Share